| 122 mm gun M1931/37 A-19 12,2 cm K.390/2(r) | |
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| General Historical Information | |
| Place of origin: | Soviet Union |
| Category: | Field Gun |
| Used by: |
USSR |
| Debut in FHSW: | v0.5 |
| Passengers: | 1 or 2 |
| Calibre: | 122mm |
| Ammunition: | ↑ AP ↓ HE |
| Elevation: | -2° to 65° |
| Traverse: | 58° |
| Rate of Fire: | 4 rpm |
| Maximum Range: | 20 km |
| Artillery battery: | Yes (4 guns) |
| Mobile: | Yes (Towned by ZiS-22 (as A-19 gun) & Munitionspanzer IV (as 12,2 cm K.390/2(r)) |
| Used by vehicles / ships: | SU-A-19 ISU-122 |
| Position 1: | Driver or gunner |
| Position 2: |
Gunner |
| Historical Picture | |
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Still in the early 1930's, Red army artillery had the M1910 107 mm Cannon. This gun developed by French Schneider, had good performance during the 1910's, but it was already out of date in 1930's. At this time, Red army aimed for Manouver warfare, so motorized long range artillery was absolutely imperative. Some modernization program had been applied to M1910, but it was insufficient.
Before modernization of M1910, during the Russian civil war the Red army noticed the power of 120 mm river gun boat. From this experience and displeasure with M1910, Red army decided to develop a new 122 mm cannon. At this time, almost all artillery of red army had been taken from the white army. Its development was very slow and careful because they never developed new artillery before. First design was completed in 1928, and prototype development was accepted in 1929, First test was in October 1931. In this test, some failure was found in muzzle break and barrels, and they were sent back to No.38 factory and modified, then in 1933, the gun was accepted as 122 mm A-19 at last. But its development still continued till 1935. In March 1936, the gun was accepted for Red army corps artillery as A-19 122 mm M1931. The development took 8 years and 5 months, it is reflection of guardedness. In later, it was modified to extend elevation angle, and named M1931/37.
Because A-19 was developed as long artillery, its muzzle velocity was enough for the anti-tank role. In 1941, this artillery helped to whittle down the german offensive in front of Moscow, And In 1943, it was effective against powerful German new tanks, and helped averting a catastrophe as Red army's last hope.
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